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Backtesting is a core quant skill. The guide shows how to test a rule without fooling yourself.
What is included
- What it is, in plain words
- The formula or mechanism, with exact arithmetic
- How it hits grid, martingale and DCA bots
- A check you can run before you switch a bot on
Who it is for
- People who run or plan to run a trading bot
- Anyone reading a backtest or a bot sales page
- Readers who want the numbers, not the pitch
- Not advice, and not a signal service
Key facts
- A quantitative analyst, or quant, uses maths, statistics and code to price products, measure risk or build trading models. The title covers several different jobs.
- Pay depends on the role, the kind of employer, the city, experience and, often, a bonus that moves with results. The bonus is the part that varies most from year to year.
- In a made-up index where base pay is 100 units, a bonus of 0.2 times base gives a total of 120 and a bonus of 3.0 times base gives 400, so the same person can see their total pay move by a factor of 3.3 (calculated by us on 31 Oct 2026, exact for the made-up multiples).
- We have not read a salary survey for this page, so it gives no salary figures. Check a current survey from a source you trust, and read how it was collected.
- This page is general information about a career. It is not career or financial advice.
What a quant does
A quantitative analyst turns a financial question into a model that can be computed. Depending on the employer, that can mean working out what a complex product is worth, measuring how much a portfolio could lose, writing the code that sends orders, or looking for patterns in data that might become a trading rule. Most of the work is a mix of probability, statistics, programming and a sound feel for how markets break the assumptions of the maths.
The main kinds of role
Titles differ between firms, so read the job description rather than the title. The common groups are these.
- Quant researcher. Looks for rules or signals in data, tests them and judges whether they are real. Closest to what this site calls backtesting. See backtesting and overfitting.
- Quant developer. Builds and runs the software: data systems, test tools and the code that places orders. More programming and engineering than maths.
- Quant trader. Runs a model or a book of positions and manages the risk of it day to day.
- Risk or model validation quant. Measures the risk a firm is taking and checks other people's models for errors. See value at risk.
- Pricing quant. Builds the models that value products such as options.
What drives pay
- The role. Roles close to trading results usually have pay that depends more on those results than roles in support or control. This is a general pattern and it is not a promise.
- The kind of employer. Banks, funds, trading firms, software firms and universities all pay in different ways.
- Location. City and country change both the level of pay and its tax treatment.
- Experience and track record. A person who has shown results over several years is judged differently from a graduate.
- Skills. Strong programming, statistics and the ability to explain a model to people who are not mathematicians all matter.
- Bonus and profit share. At many employers a large part of total pay is not fixed. See the example below.
Worked example: why total pay swings
All numbers here are an invented index, not money and not a real pay level. A person has a fixed base of 100 units. Their bonus is a multiple of the base that depends on how the year went: 0.2, 0.6, 1.5 or 3.0. These multiples are made up to show the shape, and real arrangements differ by employer.
| Year | Bonus multiple | Bonus (units) | Total (units) | Bonus share of total | Total if base were 110 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weak year | 0.2 | 20 | 120 | 17% | 130 |
| Middling year | 0.6 | 60 | 160 | 37% | 170 |
| Strong year | 1.5 | 150 | 250 | 60% | 260 |
| Very strong year | 3 | 300 | 400 | 75% | 410 |
Calculated by us on 31 Oct 2026, exact for the made-up inputs. The total goes from 120 to 400 with the base unchanged, and the bonus is 17 percent of total in the weak year and 75 percent in the very strong year. Raising the base by 10 units adds 10 to every year, which is a bigger relative change in the weak year (8.3 percent) than in the very strong year (2.5 percent). Two jobs with the same average total can therefore feel very different: one is steady and one swings.
How to read a salary survey
- Check whether the figure is base pay or total pay with bonus.
- Check the year it was collected, and the country and currency.
- Check who answered and how many. A small group of self-reported figures is a weak guide.
- Check the role: researcher, developer, trader and risk quant are different jobs under one word.
- Check whether it shows an average, a middle value or a range. A few very large figures raise an average a lot.
What to know before you chase the number
- Pay that depends on results can be zero or small in a weak year, as the table shows.
- Roles are competitive and ask for strong maths and programming. We have not measured how hard any route is, so this page does not say.
- Some of the work is the same as building a trading bot yourself, and that costs no entry fee. See how to build a trading bot and algorithmic trading.
What this page does not tell you
It does not say what any quant is paid, what you would be paid, or how to get hired. It does not say that learning to build bots leads to a quant job. It explains what the job is and why the pay is hard to summarise in one number.
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FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a quantitative analyst do?
They use maths, statistics and code to price products, measure risk or build and test trading models. The exact job depends on the employer and the role.
How much does a quantitative analyst earn?
We have not read a salary survey for this page, so we give no figure. Check a current survey and read how it was collected, including whether it shows base pay or total pay.
Why is quant pay hard to summarise?
Roles differ, and in many jobs a large part of total pay is a bonus that moves with results, so the same person can see pay swing a lot from year to year.
Is a quant the same as a trader?
No. A quant trader is one kind of quant. Researchers, developers and risk quants do different work under the same word.
Do I need to trade to become a quant?
This page does not say what any employer requires. Read job descriptions for the roles you are interested in.
Are the numbers on this page real?
Example numbers are made up to show how the maths works, and the page says so. A figure only counts as exact when the page says it was calculated on a stated date. Nothing you enter in a calculator leaves your browser.
Can I use this to decide whether to run a bot?
It can show whether a bot's numbers hold together and how much an account can lose. It cannot say what the market will do, and it is not advice. Use it to ask better questions, then read the terms of your own broker or exchange.
Is this financial advice?
No. It is general information about a career and gives no advice on money or trading.
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